Automation and Instrumentation

CONTROLLER TUNING If the controller is withdrawn from the control panel face, further adjustments are available which are used to tune th...

Occurs only in liquid service. In its simplest terms cavitation is the two-stage process of vaporization and condensation of a liquid. Vapo...

Thermal Shunting All thermocouples have some mass. Heating this mass takes energy so will affect the temperature you are trying to ...

Total heat load consists of the heat transfer from outside your panel and from the heat dissipated inside the control unit. Useful term...

Flow meters are devices that are used to measure the flow rate of a certain liquid or gas. They can measure these substances in terms of t...

You must automate a process, but you can't decide between a DCS and a PLC. Are these systems really all that different? The answers d...

CHOKED FLOW: Also known as CRITICAL FLOW. This condition exists when at a fixed upstream pressure the flow cannot be further increased b...